Do making lots of facial expressions cause more wrinkles?
Repeated facial expressions probably contribute to wrinkle formation, but sunlight is the best-documented factor. Sun protection is therefore the most concrete step you can take.
Facial muscles contract with every expression, and that repeated movement folds the skin in the same places over and over. Multiple sources recognise this as one of the accepted causes of wrinkle formation, alongside sun damage and normal skin ageing. How large a contribution facial expressions actually make has not been measured in a direct clinical study; it is a plausible mechanism that is widely accepted.
Older skin is more susceptible to this process. A study in participants over thirty showed that skin flexibility decreases and skin becomes stiffer with age. Notably, the skin moved more during muscle activity in older participants, even though their muscle activity itself had decreased. The same facial movement therefore has a greater impact on aged skin.
Sunlight is a major amplifier of this process. Comparative research in women around the time of menopause showed that skin exposed to the sun for many years had considerably more wrinkles, roughness and loss of thickness than protected skin. Photoageing is therefore the best-documented factor of all.
That facial expressions play a role is also indirectly confirmed by how botulinum toxin works. By temporarily paralysing the muscles involved, movement-related wrinkles are reduced. This treatment works, but carries real risks: incorrect administration can lead to a drooping eyebrow or asymmetrical movement. Creams with a high glycerol content reduced the visible appearance of wrinkles after two to four months of daily use in a manufacturer-funded study, presumably because the outer skin layer becomes more supple and builds up less mechanical pressure.
Based on six sources: observational comparative research, mechanistic theories, clinical studies on botulinum toxin, and one glycerol study funded by L'Oreal. No direct RCT that manipulates facial expression frequency as the sole variable.
Does drinking lots of water really help against dry skin and wrinkles?
Drinking extra water probably helps a little with dry skin, especially if you were chronically under-hydrated, but its effect on wrinkles has not yet been proven. Make sure you drink enough, but do not expect a dramatic result for your skin.
Does retinol help against wrinkles?
Retinol demonstrably works against wrinkles and improves skin texture, although tretinoin is more potent for those who can or wish to obtain a prescription; people who experience irritation may consider bakuchiol as an equivalent alternative based on one small study.
Does taking collagen supplements actually work against wrinkles?
Taking hydrolysed collagen reduces wrinkles and improves hydration and elasticity, although the effects are modest and no established dose exists. Most studies used 2.5 to 10 grams per day for 8 to 16 weeks; marketing promises of spectacular skin rejuvenation are exaggerated.
Does a cotton versus silk pillowcase really make a difference for wrinkles?
Based on the available study, nothing can be said about this. The source contains no information about pillowcases or wrinkles, so no conclusion can be drawn from it.
Can using too much retinol actually damage your skin?
Too much retinol can irritate and damage your skin, but at a low dose and with a gradual build-up you can benefit from its skin-renewing effects. Start low, build up slowly, and consider bakuchiol if your skin reacts sensitively.
Does your skin get thicker or thinner as you age?
Your skin thins at two levels with age: that is well established. Retinoid creams have the most support if you want to slow that process; discuss stronger variants (such as tretinoin) with your doctor or dermatologist.