Protein MTR4 slows cell ageing in blood vessel walls in mice

The protein in question is MTR4, an RNA helicase (a protein that unwinds and manages RNA molecules). The researchers, publishing in Aging Cell, studied cells lining the inner wall of blood vessels. They found that MTR4 declines sharply when these cells become senescent, both in cultured human umbilical cord cells and across multiple organs in older mice (20 months old) compared with young mice (3 months).

When the researchers artificially switched off MTR4 in healthy, dividing cells, those cells quickly developed markers of cellular senescence: more of an enzyme characteristic of aged cells, and higher secretion of pro-inflammatory compounds. The reverse experiment confirmed the relationship: forcing MTR4 expression in already-senescent cells partially reversed those senescent characteristics.

Why blood vessel lining cells are a special target

Senescent blood vessel lining cells are linked to hypertension, diabetes and other cardiovascular conditions. They are also accessible via the bloodstream, making them theoretically attractive as an intervention target. Simply clearing senescent vessel cells proved counterproductive in earlier mouse studies, however, shortening lifespan and worsening hypertension. Strengthening the resilience of these cells, as MTR4 appears to do, represents an alternative approach.

Early stage, but a concrete mechanism

The results are still at an early stage. The mechanism has been mapped in cultured cells and in mice. Whether it operates similarly in humans is not yet known. The study does provide a specific protein as a potential target for future treatments aimed at vascular ageing.

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